The study found that optimism and pessimism may be independent, particularly among older adults. It was suggested that optimism and pessimism are not necessarily a continuum as thought in the past. The study used different scales, one for optimism and one for pessimism. The study took a different approach to the study of optimism and pessimism. The study did not find that optimism or pessimism was predictive of the outcomes measured. In terms of outcomes measured by the scale, such as depression, anxiety, perceived stress and health, no differences were found between the groups. It went further to conclude that negative life events can influence the level of a person's optimism or pessimism. The researchers concluded that this indicated that negative life events had an effect on dispositional optimistic or pessimism. In addition, caregiver tended to be more pessimistic. At the beginning of the study, caregivers were significantly less optimistic than non-caregivers.
pessimism in the two groups over a period of three years. The study measured changes in optimism vs. This study divided the subjects into caregivers and non-caregivers. These included optimism, negative life events, perceived stress, state anxiety, depression, self-rated health, and negative affectivity. The study used a scale, which measured several different traits. Robinson-Whelen, Kim, & MacCullum et al., conducted a longitudinal study of caregivers. This study suggests that optimism and pessimism may change over time, or in response to circumstances and outcomes. The second goal of the study was to examine the role of negative life events end their effect on optimism or pessimism. Of particular interest was to try to understand what makes people an optimist or a pessimist. Pessimism AssignmentWhen examined separately optimism was found to be more important when faced with life changing or life threatening circumstances that were beyond a person's control. Robinson-Whelen, Kim, & MacCullum et al., (1997) examined the question of whether it is more important to be an optimist or not to be a pessimist.
Some people are not optimists, but they are not a pessimist either. Not everyone is either an optimist or a pessimist. Paper NOW! ⬇️ It is easy to see the benefits of being an optimist, particularly in light of health information that indicates that optimists are in general, healthier than pessimists. However, according to recent studies, these two traits are beginning to be considered separately. Optimism and pessimism were studied in conjunction with one another, rather than as separate traits (Robinson-Whelen, Kim, & MacCullum, et al., 1997). This led to study methods that examined both optimism and pessimism using a type of scale. Others tended to fall somewhere between these two extremes. Some people were strong optimistis, while others were strong pessimists. In the past, these two psychological traits were considered to be part of a continuum. Pessimism is distinguished from optimism by an expectation of failure or poor outlook about the future. Optimism is generally defined as a feeling of well being that is characterized by expectations of positive outcomes. The following will examine two works on optimism and pessimism as they relate to the field of psychology. The benefits of being an optimist goes beyond simply how one feels about life and their expectations. Optimists tend to have quicker recovery times after major surgery than pessimists (Robinson-Whelen, Kim, & MacCullum, et al., 1997). Research supports the positive effects of optimism on a person's well being and ability to recover from trauma. Personality traits can be distinguished from a mood traits because they are a static part of the persons being, whereas a mood is only a temporary condition. Optimism and pessimism are considered to be a personality trait, rather than a mood.
0 kommentar(er)
